optic nerve disorders ppt

Avg rating:5.0/5.0. A rapid onset is typical of demyelinating, inflammatory, ischemic and traumatic causes. cranial nerve 1: olfactory. Objectives 1. Study design: A prospective observational study examined the prevalence of endocrinopathies at study enrollment and growth patterns in children with ONH. . It is an important sign of advanced optic nerve disease. Neuro-opHthalmology Dr Mahmood FauziASSIST PROF OPHTHALMOLOGY AL MAAREFA COLLEGEObjectives Define the term Neuro-OphthalmologyDescribe the characteristics of normal fundus, optic disc,Identify Selected optic nerve diseases Neuro-ophthalmology is the sub-specialty of both neurology and ophthalmology concerning visual problems that are related to the nervous systemSome . Widened palpebral fissure Soft tissue involvement Autoimmune Disorders THYROID OPHTHALMOPATHY: OCULAR INVOLVEMENT . 39. Neuro-opHthalmology Dr Mahmood FauziASSIST PROF OPHTHALMOLOGY AL MAAREFA COLLEGEObjectives Define the term Neuro-OphthalmologyDescribe the characteristics of normal fundus, optic disc,Identify Selected optic nerve diseases Neuro-ophthalmology is the sub-specialty of both neurology and ophthalmology concerning visual problems that are related to the nervous systemSome . balance problems. Optic nerve and its disorders Vidyashree H T Krishna. The distance from a normal temporal disc edge to the macula is 3 disc diameters. Most. Anatomy. the visual system consists of ( in order): • The eye, especially the retina • The optic nerve • The optic chiasma • The optic tract ( the retrochiasm) • The lateral geniculate body • The optic radiation • Visual cortex • Visual association cortex Neuroimaging often misses mild optic nerve hypoplasia. Study on the go. nerve cupping in the right eye with posterior scleral flattening and. Slide 4-. Slides: 16. Cranial Nerve Disorders. Pituitary adenomas 3. Eyelid inflammations are often associated with systemic Demodex cati and D gatoi, Notoedres cati (scabies), ringworm, and immune-mediated skin diseases. Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common form. Besides MS, optic nerve inflammation can occur with other conditions, including infections or immune diseases, such as lupus. Uploaded on Sep 21, 2014. The short intraocular course of the optic nerve is often referred to as the optic nerve head, and the portion that can be seen with the ophthalmoscope is called the optic disc. Key Points. Vision disturbances can be caused by disorders of the optic nerve, central nervous system (brain and spine), eyeball movement and pupil abnormalities. Diseases and Surgery of the Retina, Macula & Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology Vitreous University of Kentucky College of Medicine. The underlying cause isn't completely understood, but experts believe that a . Full-Text. The optic nerve is the second cranial nerve. The optic disc or nerve head is the point where the axons from the retinal ganglion cells leave the eye. Distant vision is assessed with a Snellen chart ( figure 11a ). Diseases of Orbit Anatomical considerations • Walls • Apex • Openings • Spaces • Relations • Blood . It is an important sign of advanced optic nerve disease. The three types of vision loss caused by optic nerve disorders are: One eye or one optic nerve is . EYELIDS DISORDERS.ppt. diminution of vision (due to retrobulbar neuritis or of vision (due to retrobulbar neuritis or compression of optic nerve and /or its blood compression . Careful clinical assessment, which. Optic nerve. Glaucoma Diagnosis Gap in India highlights, about 1.2 million have been rendered blind and at least 12 million are affected. The optic nerve connects the brain to the eye. Optic neuritis can affect both adults and children. NMOSD usually occurs in adulthood, but symptoms may start at any age. Optic nerve disorders range from the. Optic-nerve gliomas Comprise about 1% of all . Usually unilateral. Abstract. Other inflammatory diseases affecting the arteries supplying the optic nerve include polyarteritis nodosa, thromboangiitis obliterans, optic disc vasculitis and syphilitic meningitis. headaches. Introduction. CONGENITAL OPTIC NERVE ANOMALIES. These studies have shown that younger children (<10 years of age) are more likely to present with bilateral ON and . Signs and symptoms of optic neuritis can be the first indication of multiple sclerosis (MS), or they can occur later in the course of MS.MS is a disease that causes inflammation and damage to nerves in your brain as well as the optic nerve.. Systemic lupus erythematosis: optic nerve involvement . Description: 1. Blurring and clouding of vision are usually the first symptoms . The pituitary gland in the sella turcica lies inferior to the chiasm. There are twelve cranial nerves. NURSING FUNDAMENTA. To describe the ocular signs and symptoms associated . Optic Nerve Disease. The optic nerve can lead to various pathologies due to intraorbital, intracranial, intrinsic, or systemic disorders. These disorders can cause pain, tingling, numbness, weakness, or paralysis of the face including the eyes. Biometry Hossein Mirzaie. -3 pathways: primary oflactory cortex, amygdala for emotional response to others and hunger. Disorders of chiasm and retrochiasm • Anatomy • Clinical features 3. The history often points to the possible etiology of the optic neuropathy. Like Share Report 679 Views . Although this condition usually begins in a person's teens or twenties, rare cases may appear in early childhood or later in adulthood. Anomalies of the optic disc Include crescents, congenital pigmentation, coloboma, drusen and hypoplasia of the optic disc 2. COLOBOMA OF THE OPTIC DISC results from failure in closure of the embryonic Fissure. This atrophy causes the optic nerve not to work as well as it should, which affects . Melanocytoma with adjacent choroidal, retinal components and mild yellow exudation. 14 As with any new technology, OCT results must be interpreted with care, be-cause data acquisition is complex and does not involve simple photography of These diseases are transmitted by a female to her children. Glaucoma Definition. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that lead directly from the brain to various parts of the head, neck, and trunk. GLAUCOMA Anggie Cahyadi dr. Muhammad Iqbal, SpM, M.Kes I11108058 DEPARTMENT OF OPTHALMOLOGY, dr. SOEDARSO GENERAL HOSPITAL, PONTIANAK FACULTY OF MEDICINE TANJUNGPURA UNIVERSITY, PONTIANAK, INDONESIA 1 fDEFINITION • A disease of progressive optic neuropathy with loss of retinal neurons and the nerve fiber layer, resulting in blindness if . • Optic nerve dysfunction Autoimmune Disorders . Environmental influences may cause mitochondrial disease. Widened palpebral fissure Soft tissue involvement Autoimmune Disorders THYROID OPHTHALMOPATHY: OCULAR INVOLVEMENT . anomalies. The optic cup is the central depression, and the optic disk is the entire area of the optic nerve head. It may affect one or both eyes. The optic nerve carries signals from the eye to the brain about what is seen. Unilateral, Larger nerve head Funnel shaped nerve head surrounded by chorioretinal pigment changes Vessels of the nerve head often appear hidden by glial tissue centrally. Causes and symptoms of neuro-ophthalmologic and cranial nerve disorders overlap. Diagnosis and classification of optic neuropathies. Download the iOS Download the Android app Other Related Materials. Septo-optic Dysplasia (SOD) &/Or Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (ONH) - . Damage to an optic nerve can cause vision loss. In terms of its embryonic development, the optic nerve is a part of the central nervous system (CNS) rather than a peripheral nerve. • Optic nerve dysfunction Autoimmune Disorders . Fatal injury to an axon results in . With systemic associations Optic disc coloboma - PowerPoint PPT presentation. Craniopharyngioma 4. nausea and vomiting. summarizing cranial nerve function and pathologic features when injured Cranial Nerve Function of Nerve Presentation CN I: Olfactory N. Gustatory sense Unilateral anosmia CN II: Optic N. Sight Unilateral vision loss CN III: Oculomotor N. Motor function of levator palpebrae, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, OPTIC NERVE - ANATOMY AND DISODERS.ppt. A normal optic nerve head (ONH) usually is round or oval, mildly elevated and pink in color, with a centralized depression known as the cup. Optic nerve disorders include: Compression The subject of the blood supply of the optic nerve head (ONH) is reviewed briefly. Pituitary adenomas 3. OPTIC NEURITIS 2. 36. 2. In their excellent Review on diagnosis and clinical features of common optic neuropathies, Valérie Biousse and Nancy Newman 1 show how advances in optic nerve imaging, such as retinal digital photography, optical coherence tomography, and MRI have improved the diagnosis and . (+) Visual abnormalities (color, VA) Optic nerve head swelling. Disorders of chiasm and retrochiasm • Anatomy • Clinical features 3. geoff bowen, psychologist . Optic nerve glioma is a slow-growing tumor, which typically affects children. Read this chapter of Pediatric Practice: Ophthalmology online now, exclusively on AccessPediatrics. The nerve head appears as a white circular structure in the back of the eye. To biologists, the optic chiasm is thought to be a turning point in evolution. or systemic disease, to minor congenital. Eye Disorders & Diseases KHADER M.FARWAN K.A.U Eye Disorders & Diseases KHADER M.FARWAN K.A.U Cataract with unique design Normal retina, optic nerve, blood vessels Blockage of retinal vein from hypertension Malignant melanoma of retina - follow course of blood vessel to feature elevation of lesion Retinal detachment - superior retina Bone Spicule - pigmentation of peripheral retina . | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view Optic nerve atrophy is the term used to describe the loss of a proportion of optic disc nerve fibres. In the present study, one patient with CLRAO and CRVO also exhibited NGODC, which to the best of our knowledge, is the first such . -parahippocampal gyrus for quality of odors. Cranial nerve disorders, such as trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm, affect the connections between cranial nerve centers within the brain. Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve, the bundle of nerve fibres that transmit visual information from your eye to your brain. AccessPediatrics is a subscription-based resource from McGraw Hill that features trusted medical content from the best minds in medicine. loss of appetite. PDF. The retinal vasculature may be tortuous and/or angulated, and the optic cup may be underdeveloped. Optic Nerve Disorders Treatment Market Analysis (2019-2027) - Read here the market research report on the u201coptic. Patients classically present in the fourth decade with a triad of vision loss, optic atrophy, and optociliary shunt vessels on fundoscopy. protrusion of optic nerve papilla into the globe (arrow) 12. fPAPILLITIS. Download Presentation. The optic nerve is a bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers. aqueous humor, a clear watery fluid that nourishes the lens and maintains pressure in the eye . Disorders of the optic nerve lead to an ipsilateral decrease in visual acuity and/or visual fields defects. Optic Nerve: The optic nerve carries the impulses formed by the retina to the brain for interpretation. 14.4) lie on the dia-phragma sellae, a dural fold that forms the roof of the sella turcica. Without systemic associations Tilted optic disc Optic disc drusen Optic disc pit Myelinated nerve fibres 2. PowerPoint Presentation. to glaucoma, OCT also appears to be useful in assessing other optic nerve diseases and, to some extent, central nervous system pathologies that affect the eye. . Subjects (n = 47, mean +/- SD 15.2 +/- 10.6 months) were followed until 59 . If the optic nerve is small, the number of disc diameters increases to greater than 3.5 disc diameters. Maseno University. The cranial nerve emerge from or enter the skull (the cranium), as opposed to the spinal nerves which emerge from the vertebral column. About Cranial Nerve Disorders. Craniopharyngioma 4. . cranial nerve 2: optic. While most of the times optic nerve disorders treatment includes symptomatic treatments that may not have an improvement in vision but can prevent further vision loss. It is said to be primary if it occurs without any preceding optic nerve head oedema and secondary if it is preceded by oedema. The hereditary optic neuropathies comprise a group of disorders in which the cause of optic nerve dysfunction appears to be hereditable, based on familial expression or genetic analysis. The circulation of the posterior ciliary artery is the main source of blood supply to the ONH, except for the surface nerve fiber layer which is supplied by the retinal circulation. You have one connecting the back of each eye (your retina) to your brain. Nerve signals travel along the optic nerve from each eye and send visual information to the brain. SLC25A46 is an outer membrane protein, member of . Optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSMs) are usually benign neoplasms of the meninges surrounding the optic nerve. Optic nerve. memory impairment. The optic nerve takes visual information gathered from your eye and transmits it using a series of . The CNs are named and numbered in Roman numerals according to their location, from the front to the back of . Ophthalmoscopy can detect lens or vitreous opacities, assess the optic cup-to-disk ratio, and identify retinal and vascular changes. Malignant gliomas (glioblastoma) are rare & almost always occur in adult males with a very poor prognosis & almost certain death within one year. Fibres from the nasal parts of retina decussate at optic chiasm, join with the non-decussating fibres . This swelling typically affects one eye, but can affect both at the same time. Glaucoma is a condition where an accumulation of fluid in the eye increases the intraocular pressure resulting in optic nerve damage. Kelli Shaon, O.D. -sensory, afferent for smell. Damage along the optic nerve pathway causes specific patterns of vision loss. •First-order neuron disorder: Stroke (e.g., vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency or infarct); tumor; multiple sclerosis . The horizontal diameter of a typical optic nerve is approximately 1.5mm. Most tumours of the optic nerve and its sheath are benign and produce slowly progressive visual loss associated with evidence of an anterior or posterior optic neuropathy and variable proptosis . People with optic atrophy type 1 have an optic nerve that has lost some tissue (atrophy). • Trigeminal neuralgia and Bell palsy are common cranial nerve disorders. PALLOR AND CUPPING The axons that make up the optic nerve may be affected by disease anywhere along their course, from their origin in the inner retina to their synaptic endpoint in the lateral geniculate body. The blood supply in the ONH is sect … While most of the times optic nerve disorders treatment includes symptomatic treatments that may not have an improvement in vision but can prevent further vision loss. Diseases caused by mutation in the mtDNA include Kearns-Sayre syndrome, MELAS syndrome and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Knowledge regarding clinical presentation, associated diseases, therapy, and outcomes in ON in children has grown over the past decade. 1. H1, 2015 Optic Neuritis Global Clinical Trials Review - Big Market Research, Optic Neuritis Global Clinical Trials Review, H1 Market Size, Share, Global . The diagnosis is made on clinical grounds. Optic Nerve Disease. Optic neuropathy is a frequent cause of vision loss encountered by ophthalmologist. The optic nerve may be found in your eye, but it is part of the central nervous system. Optic Nerve Disease. Diseases caused by mutation in the mtDNA include Kearns-Sayre syndrome, MELAS syndrome and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. View more. Anterior Chamber: filled with . PowerPoint Presentation Author: Optic neuritis (ON) is a common presenting symptom in pediatric CNS demyelinating disorders and may be associated with dramatic visual loss. PowerPoint Presentation. Congenital and developmental disorders 1. Optic neuritis 1. 30% of patients have associated NF1 & those have better prognosis. Cranial nerve disorder refers to an impairment of one of the twelve cranial nerves that emerge from the underside of the brain, pass through openings in the skull, and lead to parts of the head, neck, and trunk. The prevalence of glaucoma increases with age. Glaucoma Regardless of the intraocular pressure, it is defined by characteristic optic neuropathy consistent with: Excavation and undermining of the neural and connective tissue elements of optic disc Eventual development of characteristic visual field defects. Anomalies of the nerve fibres Like medullated (opaque) nerve fibres 3. DEFINITION Optic neuritis refers to inflammation of the optic nerve Occurs in about 50 % of pts with multiple sclerosis and is presenting feature in 20% 3. The optic chiasm is an X-shaped structure formed by the crossing of the optic nerves in the brain. Disease. Systemic lupus erythematosis: optic nerve involvement . Other symptoms can include: involuntary eye movements. Glaucoma may be present in one or both eyes. Contact Lens-Induced Acute Red Eye(CLARE) . Inflammation or infarct of the optic nerve head. of the optic nerve by a pathogen and /or indirect involvement with inflammatory, degenerative, or vascular mechanisms. May cause damage to retina, choroid, and optic nerve Meningioma. Symptoms include pain, weakness, bowel and bladder problems, and temporary vision loss. 1. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) affect the spinal cord and optic nerves (nerves that carry visual messages to and from the brain). Optic nerve. The optic nerve is a bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers that carry visual messages. Non surgical management of strabismus .ppt Hossein Mirzaie. it may be caused by arteriosclerotic occlusive disorders of the posterior . Glaucoma can damage the optic nerve in the eye and can cause permanent vision loss if left untreated. Two numbers are reported. Disc hemorrhages. Environmental influences may cause mitochondrial disease. A gradual course points to compressive, toxic . • Optic disc swelling frequently occurs with posterior uveitis and retinitis. manifestations of life-threatening intracranial. The optic disc is usually oval, measuring about 1.5 by 1.75 mm, with its long axis typically oriented vertically. 5. Optic nerve. vision disturbances. 1 / 6. As a rule, optic nerve function is abnormal in . 35. When the nerve fibers become inflamed, the optic nerve can also start to swell. Chiasmal Lesions Anatomy: The optic chiasm and the optic nerves (Fig. Ischaemic optic neuropathy is not always the result of giant cell arteritis (e.g. 895. The mitochondrial protein SLC25A46 has been recently identified as a novel pathogenic cause in a wide spectrum of neurological diseases, including inherited optic atrophy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2, Leigh syndrome, progressive myoclonic ataxia and lethal congenital pontocerebellar hypoplasia.

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