declassified cia projects

[71], Naomi Klein argues in her book The Shock Doctrine that Cameron's research and his contribution to the MKUltra project was not about mind control and brainwashing, but about designing "a scientifically based system for extracting information from 'resistant sources'. The term "torture by proxy" is used by some critics to describe situations in which the CIA[7][8][9][10] and other US agencies have transferred suspected terrorists to countries known to employ torture, whether they meant to enable torture or not. Materials which will promote the intoxicating effect of alcohol. [33] CIA counter-intelligence chief James Jesus Angleton believed that a mole had penetrated the organization at the highest levels. Materials which will render the induction of hypnosis easier or otherwise enhance its usefulness. National Public Radio (NPR), 9 Sept. 2019. [51] LSD and other drugs were often administered without the subject's knowledge or informed consent, a violation of the Nuremberg Code the U.S. had agreed to follow after World War II. ", "Operation Big Itch was a September 1954 series of tests at Dugway Proving Ground in Utah. In 1987, the Supreme Court affirmed this defense in a 54 decision that dismissed Stanley's case: United States v. The Corps released uninfected female mosquitoes into a cooperative residential area of Savannah, Georgia, and then estimated how many mosquitoes entered houses and bit people. Plan", "The CIA's Appalling Human Experiments With Mind Control", "Buying a Piece of Anthropology: Human Ecology and unwitting anthropological research for the CIA", "Senate MKUltra Hearing: Appendix C Documents Referring to Subprojects, (p. 167, in PDF document page numbering)", "Data shows 50s projects: Germ Testing by the CIA", "The Search for the Manchurian Candidate Chapter 4", "Sidney Gottlieb, 80, Dies; Took LSD to C.I.A. [12] The administration continued to allow rendition only "to a country with jurisdiction over that individual (for prosecution of that individual)" when there is a diplomatic assurance "that they will not be treated inhumanely. Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. [21], Edward Lee Howard, David Henry Barnett, both field operations officers sold secrets to Russia. According to the separate European Parliament report of February 2007, the CIA has conducted 1,245 flights, many of them to destinations where suspects could face torture, in violation of article 3 of the United Nations Convention Against Torture. [43], MKOFTEN was to deal with testing and toxicological transmissivity and behavioral effects of drugs in animals and, ultimately, humans. [41], By March 1971 over 26,000 potential agents had been acquired for future screening. The possibilities detailed in the document included the possible assassination of Cuban migrs, sinking boats of Cuban refugees on the high seas, hijacking planes, blowing up a U.S. ship, and orchestrating violent terrorism in U.S. (1995). Cameron was also a member of the Nuremberg medical tribunal in 19461947. President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally endorsed CORONA in February 1958. The Central Intelligence Agency, better known simply as the CIA, has inspired fear, suspicion, and curiosity ever since its official formation in 1947. A Soviet soldier inside the 350 yard tunnel extending from the American Sector of Berlin into the Soviet Sector on April 26, 1956. Two offices of CIA Directorate of Analysis have analytical responsibilities in this area. In July 2016, the National Security Archive posted declassified documents, films and photographs that show U.S. tests of atomic bombs in the Bikini Atoll in 1946. A month after the Trinity test, two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan in the waning stages of World War II. Central Intelligence Agency front organizations, People killed in Central Intelligence Agency operations, International counter-terrorism activities of the CIA, Measurements of Earth Data for Environmental Analysis, Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare, United States and state-sponsored terrorism, United States Joint Publications Research Service, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Central_Intelligence_Agency_operations&oldid=711930997, This page was last edited on 25 March 2016, at 20:06. [54] On July 16, 2008, the fiscal 2009 Intelligence Authorization Bill was approved by House majority containing stipulations that 75% of money sought for covert actions would be held until all members of the House Intelligence panel were briefed on sensitive covert actions. [11], Whilst the Obama administration has tried to distance itself from some of the harshest counterterrorism techniques, it has also said that at least some forms of renditions will continue. This revelation largely derailed efforts by the victims to sue the CIA as their U.S. counterparts had, and the Canadian government eventually settled out of court for $100,000 to each of the 127 victims. Memos noted the flying saucers as a risk to national security for its mass psychological considerations. The Soviet Union was more aggressive in forcibly recruiting more than 2,200 German specialistsa total of more than 6,000 people including family memberswith Operation Osoaviakhim during one night on October 22, 1946.". ", "WikiLeaks Releases Trove of Alleged C.I.A. In September 1946, President Harry Truman authorized a program called Operation Paperclip, which aimed to lure scientists from Nazi Germany to the United States following World War II. RELATED: . ", "Ken Kesey, Author of 'Cuckoo's Nest,' Who Defined the Psychedelic Era, Dies at 66", "I'm Whitey Bulger. Just what kinds is still classified. The CIA captured people suspected of being enemy agents and other people it deemed "expendable" to undertake various types of torture and human experimentation on them. This list may not reflect recent changes. As the experimentation progressed, a point arrived where outsiders were drugged with no explanation whatsoever and surprise acid trips became something of an occupational hazard among CIA operatives. [34][35] Some historians assert that one goal of MKUltra and related CIA projects was to create a Manchurian Candidate-style subject. None of Cameron's personal records of his involvement with MKUltra survived because his family destroyed them after his death.[82][83]. The people under this interrogation were CIA employees, U.S. military personnel, and agents suspected of working for the other side in the Cold War. "In fiscal year 2010 alone, the Agency declassified and released over 1.1 million pages of documents.". [58] The project studied the effects of psychoactive drugs, particularly LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, cocaine, AMT and DMT on people. In the 1960s, the U.S. Army embarked on a secret mission to build a series of mobile nuclear missile launch sites under the Greenland ice sheet. In the 1970s, Congressional investigations and reports also revealed Agency connections with journalists and civic groups. [8][9], MKUltra was preceded by two drug-related experiments, Project Bluebird and Project Artichoke. Much of what the Church Committee and the Rockefeller Commission learned about MKUltra was contained in a report, prepared by the Inspector General's office in 1963, that had survived the destruction of records ordered in 1973. [1][2] Many of those who were hired as part of Bloodstone were high-ranking Nazi intelligence agents who had committed war crimes. 2010. Below, weve collected a few of the crazier ones. Communists led by Fidel Castro had taken power in Cuba in 1959, which aroused the concern of the US military due to the Cold War. It often conducted experiments without the subjects' knowledge or consent. Credit: National Archives Project 1794 Near the end of 2012, the US Air Force declassified a build-up of documents which included secret plans to build an aircraft which can be likened to a flying-saucer . High-ranking government officials in countries where the military forces operated were sometimes not aware of the armies' existence. Although the government aggressively, and sometimes successfully, sought to avoid legal liability, several plaintiffs did receive compensation through court order, out-of-court settlement, or acts of Congress. [85] On 28 November 2012, the Olson family filed suit against the U.S. federal government for the wrongful death of Frank Olson. Other human rights issues that are controversial include the case of Edward Snowden. On February 24, 1995, Vice President Gore visited CIA Headquarters to announce Executive Order 12951, signed by President Clinton, which released CORONA, ARGON, and LANYARD imagery to the public. [79], At least one death, the result of the alleged defenestration of Frank Olson, was attributed to Olson's being subjected, without his knowledge, to such experimentation nine days before his death. The MKSEARCH program was divided into two projects dubbed MKOFTEN and MKCHICKWIT. "80 Institutions Used in CIA Mind Studies: Admiral Turner Tells Senators of Behavior Control Research Bars Drug Testing Now". [62], MKUltra's researchers later dismissed LSD as too unpredictable in its results. If this principle is violated, the very least that society can do is to see that the victims are compensated, as best they can be, by the perpetrators. Some of you have read this before. (Keystone/Getty Images) By Will Levith William Kampiles, a low-level worker in the CIA 24-hour Operations Center, sold the Soviets a detailed operational manual for the KH-11 reconnaissance satellite. Experimental goals included creating "hypnotically induced anxieties", "hypnotically increasing ability to learn and recall complex written matter", studying hypnosis and polygraph examinations, "hypnotically increasing ability to observe and recall complex arrangements of physical objects", and studying "relationship of personality to susceptibility to hypnosis". The accusations also crossed the Atlantic to the British intelligence services, which also were damaged by molehunts. The project's estimated cost was more than $3 million, which in today's dollars would be more than $26 million. An aerial view of Area 51 and Groom Lake in Nevada. From a secret U.S. Air Force project to build a supersonic flying saucer to a now-famous World War II-era research program that produced the first atomic bombs to a plan to train domesticated cats to spy on the Soviet Union, here are 22 declassified military and CIA secrets. Such "ghost detainees" are kept outside judicial oversight, often without ever entering US territory, and may or may not ultimately be devolved to the custody of the United States. The CIA's own internal investigation concluded that the head of MKUltra, CIA chemist Sidney Gottlieb, had conducted the LSD experiment with Olson's prior knowledge, although neither Olson nor the other men taking part in the experiment were informed as to the exact nature of the drug until some 20 minutes after its ingestion. CREST currently houses over 10 million pages of declassified Agency documents. [48], Once Project MKUltra got underway in April 1953, experiments included administering LSD to mental patients, prisoners, drug addicts, and prostitutes "people who could not fight back," as one agency officer put it. [36] American historian Alfred W. McCoy has claimed that the CIA attempted to focus media attention on these sorts of "ridiculous" programs so that the public would not look at the research's primary goal, which was effective methods of interrogation. According to currently released documentation, none of the operations became active under the auspices of the Operation Northwoods proposals. Flying with Sharks: A Plan for Every Outcome. 3. They also revealed that at least one subject, Frank Olson, had died after administration of LSD. Another memorandum dated June 14, 1918 - written in French - reveals the formula used for German secret ink. He commuted from Albany, New York to Montreal every week to work at the Allan Memorial Institute of McGill University, and was paid $69,000 from 1957 to 1964 (US$579,480 in 2021, adjusted for inflation) to carry out MKUltra experiments there, the Montreal experiments. [2] Intelligence expert David Wise faulted Weiner for portraying Allen Dulles as "a doddering old man" rather than the "shrewd professional spy" he knew and for refusing "to concede that the agency's leaders may have acted from patriotic motives or that the CIA ever did anything right", but concluded: "Legacy of Ashes succeeds as both journalism and history, and it is must reading for anyone interested in the CIA or American intelligence since World War II. [16], On October 4, 2001, a secret arrangement was made in Brussels, by all members of NATO. Its hard to imagine a world without Google maps or satellite imagery, but when CORONA was developed in the 1950s, satellite photo-reconnaissance didnt exist. These documents, which describe secret writing techniques and are housed at the National Archives, are believed to be the only remaining classified documents from the World War I era. [98] The majority argued that "a test for liability that depends on the extent to which particular suits would call into question military discipline and decision making would itself require judicial inquiry into, and hence intrusion upon, military matters." The ambitious program, called Project 1794, was initiated in the 1950s, and a team of engineers was tasked with building a disc-shape vehicle capable of traveling at supersonic speeds at high altitudes. ", "Operation Paperclip was a secret program of the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA) largely carried out by Special Agents of Army CIC, in which more than 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians, such as Wernher von Braun and his V-2 rocket team, were taken from Germany to America for U.S. government employment, primarily between 1945 and 1959. Throughout its history, the CIA has been the subject of a number of controversies, both at home and abroad. [46][47] Six members of Congress have claimed that Director of the CIA Leon Panetta admitted that over a period of several years since 2001 the CIA deceived Congress, including affirmatively lying to Congress. This accusation was based on the CIA Director's earlier denials of Senator Dianne Feinstein's claims that the surreptitious CIA search of the SSCI computers occurred, was inappropriate, or "violated the separation of powers principles embodied in the United States Constitution, including the Speech and Debate clause" or other laws. The doctor was later arrested and sentenced to a lengthy prison term on allegedly unrelated charges. The Project 's estimated cost was more than $ 26 million knowledge consent... `` 80 Institutions Used in CIA Mind Studies: Admiral Turner Tells of. Controversies, both at home and abroad formally endorsed CORONA in February 1958 been acquired for Future screening 9! Include the case of Edward Snowden CIA Mind Studies: Admiral Turner Tells Senators of Behavior Research... Edward Snowden the formula Used for German secret ink Agency connections with journalists and civic groups the of... 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