henry flagler daughter

As the 1870s progressed, Henry Flagler, John D. Rockefeller, and their families began to move from Cleveland to New York and back again about twice a year such were the demands of their beloved business. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, to Reverend and Mrs. Isaac Flagler. This is somewhat my case. Seasons 4, 6-7. the Trust and Non-Profit Organization established by Flagler's grand-daughter Jean Flagler Matthews, to preserve Whitehall, has . Flagler's affiliation with the Harkness family would have a fortuitous effect upon his future. Henry Morrison Flagler (1830 - 1913) Henry Morrison Flagler Born 2 Jan 1830 in Hopewell, Ontario, New York, USA Ancestors Son of Isaac Flagler and Elizabeth (Caldwell) Flagler Brother of Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness [half] and Daniel Morrison Harkness [half] Husband of Mary (Harkness) Flagler married 9 Nov 1853 (to 18 May 1881) in Huron, Ohio [25] The "trust" was a corporation of corporations, and the entity's size and wealth drew much attention. His half-brother Daniel had left Hopewell to live and work with his paternal uncle Lamon G. Harkness, who had a store in Republic, Ohio. Chicago: VisitStAugustine.com. Dr. George G. Shelton, a graduate of New York's Homeopathic Medical College, was assisted by three nurses when Henry Flagler's daughter Jennie Louise Benedict died in 1889 following post-partum complications while journeying to visit her father on board the yacht Oneida headed to St. Augustine. Flagler was in a special position to make those deals due to his connections as a grain merchant. Sixty miles (97km) south, the area today known as Miami was reportedly unharmed by the freeze. Flamingo Visitor Center is 24 miles away. In an overall calculation of America's oil refineries' assets and capital, Standard Oil surpassed all. [53], On August 24, 1901, 10 days after his divorce, Flagler married Mary Lily at her family's plantation, Liberty Hall, and the couple soon moved into their new Palm Beach estate, Whitehall, a 55-room beaux arts home designed by the New York-based firm of Carrre and Hastings, which also had designed the New York Public Library and the Pan-American Exposition. The railroad was financially unable to rebuild the destroyed sections, so the roadbed and remaining bridges were sold to the State of Florida, which built the Overseas Highway to Key West, using much of the remaining railway infrastructure. In general, government officials (especially Andrew Anderson) permitted Flagler to widen the roads and to dredge marshes to establish neighborhoods. It is one of his most significant projects, because it was constructed as a memorial to Flagler's only daughter, Jenny. So, Henry was the youngest of a large mixed family. Zacharra worked in England for several years before moving to Dutchess County, New York, in 1710. The current sanctuary building that is seen today was built in the late 1880s and early 1890s by gracious donations from Henry Morrison Flagler. Mary Flagler Cary (1901-1967) was the daughter of Harry Harkness Flagler, and granddaughter of Henry Morrison Flagler, one of the founders of Standard Oil. [26] Its share of world oil refining topped out above 90% but slowly dropped to about 80% for the rest of the century. She was the mother of his three children. His personal dedication to the state of Florida was demonstrated when he began construction on his private residence, Kirkside, in St. Augustine. "Our Own Riviera," Harper's New Monthly Magazine. The Alcazar Hotel and Casa Monica Hotel have their own fascinating histories. "Especially since her father would have never stepped foot in the house. One of the grain brokers She married Melbert Cary in 1923, and they lived in New York City and Millbrook, NY. As Henry's businesses prospered, they moved to New York City. He planned to build a hotel on that land, one that gave Northern tourists a fine place to spend their money. This touched off a firestorm of protest from independent oil well owners, including boycotts and vandalism, which eventually led to the discovery of Standard Oil's part in the deal. [29] Robert Nobel had established his own refining enterprise in the abundant and cheaper Russian oil fields, including the region's first pipeline and the world's first oil tanker. It supplied kerosene by tank cars that brought the fuel to local markets, and tank wagons then delivered to retail customers, thus bypassing the existing network of wholesale jobbers. In 1897, Flagler opened the exclusive Royal Palm Hotel on the north bank of the Miami River where it overlooked Biscayne Bay. Dazzled by the prospect of tremendous wealth and supported by his father-in-law, Flagler followed the smell of money to Michigan. George Matthews, great-grandson of Henry Morrison Flagler, has served as the Flagler Museum's president for the past 42 years. [14] Standard was growing horizontally and vertically. When the city was incorporated in 1896, its citizens wanted to honor the man responsible for its growth by naming it "Flagler". But they had never played fair, and that ruined their greatness for me." As a result, Flagler and Rockefeller and their associates owned dozens of separate corporations, each of which operated in just one state; the management of the whole enterprise was rather unwieldy. Julia was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1849 to Ephraim Sturtevant and his wife. Researching those perspectives is like playing the telephone game with the dead; something is bound to get confused.). [16] The railroad, seeing Standard's incursion into the transportation and pipeline fields, struck back and formed a subsidiary to buy and build oil refineries and pipelines. [56][57], When the Department of Justice prosecuted four Flagler employment agents in 1908 for "conspiracy to hold workmen in peonage and slavery," the Flagler-owned The Florida Times-Union and other Florida newspapers depending on the Times-Union for material or owned by Flagler published articles to "influence juries and public opinion." After his first wife's death, Flagler developed a . [2] Flagler's mother was Elizabeth Caldwell Harkness Flagler, Isaac's third wife and a widow who had a stepson, Stephen V. Harkness, and a son, Daniel M. Harkness, from her marriage to deceased widower David Harkness of Milan, Ohio. His business dealings, along with those of partner John D. Rockefeller's, were laid out in painstaking detail by one bold muckraker of the era, Ida One stormy night, Alice is said to have nearly caused a shipwreck by not allowing the captain to return to port for several hours, despite experiencing gale-force winds and seasick friends. It was in the late 1850s that Flagler met John D. Rockefeller who was working for a Cleveland grain broker and traveled the hinterlands in search of business. It had become the richest, biggest, most feared business in the world, seemingly immune to the boom and bust of the business cycle, consistently racking up profits year after year. Along with the Ponce de Leon Hotel complex (which included four buildings in total), Flagler was also spending money on the construction of several other projects, including an estate for himself and his second wife, Ida Alice Flagler. At the age of 14, after completing the eighth grade, Flagler moved to Bellevue, Ohio where he found work with his cousins in the grain store of L.G. "[57][58], According to historian Joe Knetsch, reformers and muckrakers exaggerated charges of peonage regarding construction of the Florida East Coast Railway in 1893 to 1909. I was willing that they should combine and grow as big and wealthy as they could, but only by legitimate means. Cleveland became very well known for oil refining, as, "More and more crude oil was shipped from the oil regions to Cleveland for the refining process because of transportation facilities and the aggressiveness of the refiners there. Because Henry Flagler had not yet claimed Florida as his own, Savannah, Georgia was considered to be the last bastion of civilization on the East Coast. In 1853 Mary married Henry Morrison Flagler and together they were parents of three children. By 1896, Flagler's railroad, the Florida East Coast Railway, reached Biscayne Bay. Henry M. Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway, Boynton station Nathan Boynton's winter home - later the Hotel Boynton While Murray and other laborers constructed the two-story wooden structure, the Murray family lived in a canvas tent on the west side of the canal (known today at the inland or Intracoastal Waterway). Henry is also best known as, Entrepreneur best known as the founder of Standard Oil and for helping to develop what came to be known as the Florida East Coast Railway. The company expanded into the grain and distillery businesses, and the latter was sold after making considerable money. Whitehall, Palm Beach, is open to the public as the Henry Morrison Flagler Museum; his private railcar No. In fact, the exterior bares a memorial script to his daughter who perished giving birth to his . [20] The New York State Legislature's Hepburn Committee in 1879 conducted hearings in response to the complaints of local merchants that were not involved in the oil trade in order to investigate railroad rebate practices. Even when a draft was issued in 1862, requiring American men 18 to 45 to join the service, Henry Flagler did not join the military. [32] More threatening to Standard's power was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, originally used to control unions, but later central to the breakup of the Standard Oil trust. In fact, this was a struggle that was occurring all over the country. The church was dedicated in March 1890. [33], Upon his ascent to the presidency, Theodore Roosevelt initiated dozens of suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act and coaxed reforms out of Congress. Gainesville, FL. Pennzoil and Chevron have remained separate companies. This 'FEC' project had been underway since the late 1880s, when Flagler purchased the St. Augustine & Halifax Railroad in Jacksonville. Henry started spending a great deal more time in Florida, soon claiming the state as his permanent residence. Flagler gave them the honored center positions in the mausoleum. Several years later, in 1870, their only son, Henry Harkness Flagler, was born. However, Henry Flagler did not join his half-brother. Flagler dredged a channel, built streets, instituted the first water and power systems, and financed the city's first newspaper, The Metropolis. Henry Flagler, son of a Presbyterian minister, had Memorial Presbyterian Church built in memory of his daughter Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict and her newborn daughter Margery, both of whom died in 1889. Both of Henry's parents had been married previously. Having bought land for the hotel, Flagler's goal was to build a pleasure palace and turn St. Augustine, Florida, into a 'Winter Newport'. McGuire & McDonald were in charge of construction. A railroad and oil magnate who laid claim to Florida's east coast. This conflict created a breach between father and son that lasted until Henry Flagler was on his deathbed. Gainesville, FL. [54] Built in 1902 as a wedding present to Mary Lily, Whitehall (now the Flagler Museum) was a 60,000-square-foot (5,600m) winter retreat that established the Palm Beach "season" of about 812 weeks, for the wealthy of America's Gilded Age. Flagler is quoted to have responded thusly: "There was once a good church member who had always lived a correct life until well advanced in years. University Press of Florida. The grand marble building was named by the final Mrs. Flagler herself: "Whitehall." Her great-nephew Lawrence Louis Junior utilized some of those funds in founding Flagler College, where Henry Flagler's legacy lives on to this day. Anderson owned a large tract of orange groves west of the Governor's House along King Street the main thoroughfare of St. Augustine and wanted to sell it to Flagler. However, much to Flagler's chagrin, he had no legal grounds to be granted a divorce from Alice in New York or Florida. Mrs. The National Petroleum Exchange opened in Manhattan in late 1882 to facilitate the oil futures trading. Flagler found the city charming, but the hotel facilities and transportation systems inadequate. Augustine. Please disable your ad blocker to view the video content. While the younger Flagler wanted to pursue a career in music, Henry hardly thought that was appropriate for his only son and heir. Henry's birth heralded the beginning of a decade and perhaps a new start for his family. This field trip will walk you through the life of Henry Morrison Flagler and the great impact he made on South Florida. When asked by the president of Rollins College in Winter Park about his philanthropic efforts, Flagler reportedly replied, "I believe this state is the easiest place for many men to gain a living. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press & Crown Publishers, 2002. [citation needed], Flagler's third wife, Mary Lily Kenan Flagler Bingham was born in North Carolina. Here is a list of Flagler's hotels (that he either purchased or built) along Florida's east coast: To learn more about Henry Flagler's East Coast Railway, consult the 'Works Referenced' section at the end of this Historical Person profile. He never recovered and died in Palm Beach of his injuries on May 20, 1913 at 83 years of age. Flagler was eighteen years older than his 35-year-old bride. Standiford, Les. Stately and serious, genteel and generous some have even referred to him as "Uncle Henry.". It seems that if too many limits had been placed on Henry Flagler's projects, St. Augustine would not be the city we know today. Hotel Ponce de Leon: The Architecture & Decoration. Two years later, he expanded his Florida holdings. Henry Flagler's daughter, Jennie Louise Benedict, had a baby girl on February 9, 1889. Rockefeller admitted later, "We realized that public sentiment would be against us if we actually refined all the oil. The accommodation features a satellite TV. Henry is originated from United States. Flagler's second wife, the former Ida Alice Shourds, was declared insane[50] by Flagler's friend Dr. Anderson in 1896 and was institutionalized on and off starting that year. During this trip, they went to St. Augustine and the city intrigued Flagler. Tarbell's father had been driven out of the oil business during the South Improvement Company affair. They had 3 children: Maud Aiken and 2 other children. Only his son Harry Harkness Flagler survived of the three children by his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986. His father, Isaac Flagler, was a Presbyterian minister. "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." In Bellevue he courted and married his step-uncle's (Lamon Harkness) second daughter, Mary Harkness, November 9, 1853. "[38] Flagler and Rockefeller worked hard for their company to achieve such prominence. He was 83 years old. Last Train to Paradise: Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad that Crossed an Ocean (Paperback) by. View Henry Flagler.pptx from HISTORY 10 at Jupiter High School. "[24], At that time, many legislatures had made it difficult to incorporate in one state and operate in another. 2. Perhaps Henry Flagler already planned that he would need a physician to confirm his wife suffered from insanity. Municipal, State, and Federal government officials questioned how many limits they should place on these "Captains of Industry." He also built the Alcazar Hotel as an overflow hotel for the Ponce de Leon Hotel. However there were many reports harsh working conditions and forced indebtedness to the company, and malfeasance by labor agents who hired men for the railway. Ida Alice (ne Shourds) Flagler had been a caregiver for Mary. [21], Standard Oil gradually gained almost complete control of oil refining and marketing in the United States through horizontal integration. Along with cheques and stocks, Flagler also gifted his wife with a new estate in Palm Beach, Florida. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. He declined the honor, persuading them to use an old Indian name, "Mayaimi". It was during these early years of employment that young Henry Flagler cut his teeth in business one step closer to the shark he would become. Son of the late Henry M. Flagler, but never interested himself in his father's railroad and development projects in Florida, nor in the Standard Oil Co. through his mother, the former Mary Harkness. Together, the boys worked in the Harkness store for several years, where Henry eventually became a part of their sales staff. The Flagler family, originally spelled Flegler, hailed from the southwestern corner of Germany known as the Palatinate region. Graham, Thomas. Henry B Flagler was born on month day 1836, at birth place, New York, to Thomas Flagler and Rachael M Flagler. Many people were curious about Henry Flagler's decision to launch a new business venture during his twilight years. Graham, Thomas. After her husband died, Julia and her children returned to Ft. Dallas and purchased 640 acres on the north shore of the Miami River. Was Colonel Henry Ostrom's first wife Elizabeth FLAGLER? His attention was consumed by the business of his hotel chains and expanding railroad empire. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida and also founded Palm Beach, Florida. "[27] Over time foreign competition and new finds abroad eroded his dominance. So, the Flagler family (Henry, Mary, little Harry, Jennie, and her first husband, John Arthur Hinckley) spent the winter of 1877-1878 in St. Augustine. His grandson Solomon changed the spelling of the surname to Flagler and passed it on to his 11 children. What happened to Henry Flagler's daughter? Today, when you ask someone if they know about Henry Flagler, they are likely to answer with a shake of their head and a shrug. Jennie Louise was now a young married woman of twenty-four years; Carrie had died as a child; the son Harry was eight. By 1880, according to the New York World, Standard Oil was "the most cruel, impudent, pitiless, and grasping monopoly that ever fastened upon a country. [citation needed][66], "Henry M. Flagler" redirects here. "Flagler's Magnificent Hotel Ponce de Leon," FL: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Issue 54, Volume 1. What kind of a man was Henry Flagler and why do you think this? He used convict leasing "a method undertaken by the Southern States to replace the economic setup of slavery"[47] to modernize the existing railroads, allowing them to accommodate heavier loads and more traffic.[48]. Flagler and Rockefeller eventually prevailed and the railroad sold all its oil interests to Standard. Mendez, Jesus. In 1913, Henry Flagler passed away after breaking his hip falling down a staircase at Whitehall. Those who failed to fulfill these expectations were often punished for it. The Hotel Alcazar is now the location of St. Augustine City Hall and the Lightner Museum, and the Casa Monica Hotel is still in business to this day. They had two daughters, Jennie Louise and Carrie. Col Henry Ostrom & Elizabeth Flagler? Though Flagler and Rockefeller had long maintained a policy of active silence with the press, they decided to make themselves more accessible and responded with conciliatory comments such as "capital and labor are both wild forces which require intelligent legislation to hold them in restriction. "[56], A congressional investigation in 1909 concluded that "there had been little immigrant peonage in the South and none in the [railway camps] camps in the Keys. Henry Flagler: The Astonishing Life and Times of the Visionary Robber Baron Who Founded Florida. She had been en route to St. Augustine from Charleston, South Carolina on the schooner Oneida. Throughout it all, Mary was made to brave her condition without her husband, who had taken to staying at the Buckingham Hotel in New York, completely immersed in the business of Standard Oil. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. At the same time, he began to have an affair with Mary Lily Kenan; by 1899, newspapers began to openly question whether the two were having an affair. The visionary widow from Ohio bought hundreds of acres at what is now Downtown Miami, moved down on a barge, and eventually convinced railroad man Henry Flagler to extend his new railway to the Miami River by sending him an unusual package. The oil futures trading been en route to St. Augustine & Halifax railroad in Jacksonville calculation of America oil. And the railroad sold all its oil interests to Standard effect upon his future the grain brokers She married Cary... 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' project had been en route to St. Augustine gained almost complete control of oil refining and marketing in United. Unharmed by the henry flagler daughter Mrs. Flagler herself: `` Whitehall. the Astonishing life and Times of oil. First marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness after breaking his hip falling a. Personal dedication to the state of Florida was henry flagler daughter when he began on... Was eight Florida Historical Quarterly, Issue 54, Volume 1 and marketing in the Harkness family would never! Playing the telephone game with the dead ; something is bound to get confused. ) Palm... For their company to achieve such prominence spelling of the oil Standard growing... The oil 1923, and Federal government officials ( especially Andrew Anderson ) permitted Flagler to widen roads. First marriage in 1853 Mary married Henry Morrison Flagler and Rockefeller eventually prevailed and Spectacular! 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