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Venezuela had a deal to sell Uruguay up to 40,000 barrels of oil a day under preferential terms. [138], Uruguay has no official religion; church and state are officially separated,[32] and religious freedom is guaranteed. On 15 June 1838, an army led by the Colorado leader Rivera overthrew President Oribe, who fled to Argentina. [73] The departmental executive authority resides in a superintendent and the legislative authority in a departmental board. A 2008 survey by the INE of Uruguay showed Catholic Christianity as the main religion, with 45.7% 81.4%[141] of the population; 9.0% are non-Catholic Christians, 0.6% are Animists or Umbandists (an Afro-Brazilian religion), and 0.4% Jewish. In 2004, the Uruguayan musician and actor Jorge Drexler won an Academy Award for composing the song "Al otro lado del ro" from the movie The Motorcycle Diaries, which narrated the life of Che Guevara. [159] Popular bands of the Uruguayan Invasion sang in English. The average annual temperature of the country is 17.5C (63.5F), ranging from 16C (61F) in the southeast to 19C (66F) in the northwest. [42] Montevideo became a major economic center of the region and an entrept for goods from Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. [26], Uruguay was first inhabited around 13,000 years ago by hunter-gatherers. [53], Following the 2001 Argentine credit default, prices in the Uruguayan economy made a variety of services, including information technology and architectural expertise, once too expensive in many foreign markets, exportable. The two countries disagree on which tributary represents the legitimate source of the Quara/Cuareim River, which would define the border in the latter disputed section, according to the 1851 border treaty between the two countries. Those guests may organize custom tours through the Destination Services Desk on board. [43] Batlle had two terms (190307 and 191115) during which, taking advantage of the nation's stability and growing economic prosperity, he instituted major reforms, such as a welfare program, government participation in many facets of the economy, and a plural executive. [99] The economy grew at an annual rate of 6.7% during the 20042008 period. [150] [73], Uruguay adopted its current constitution in 1967. WebEddie Bharucha held several positions in India and received the Dhanvantari Award for his outstanding contributions to medical sciences (1991). [125], The Telecommunications industry is more developed than in most other Latin American countries, being the first country in the Americas to achieve complete digital telephone coverage in 1997. Mit 176.215 Quadratkilometern Flche (davon rund 2.600 Quadratkilometer Wasserflche) ist es etwa halb so gro wie Deutschland. Also notable are Juana de Ibarbourou (18951979), Delmira Agustini (18661914), Idea Vilario (19202009), and the short stories of Horacio Quiroga and Juan Jos Morosoli (18991959). The Colorado effort to reduce Blancos to only three departments caused a Blanco uprising of 1897, which ended with the creation of 16 departments, of which the Blancos now had control over six. Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government. [161] Freedom of speech and media are guaranteed by the constitution, with qualifications for inciting violence or "insulting the nation". Uruguay is the only country in South America situated entirely south of the Tropic of Capricorn. [37], The first railway line was assembled in Uruguay in 1867 with the opening of a branch consisting of a horse-drawn train. [121] In 1949, the government nationalized the railways, along with the electric trams and the Montevideo Waterworks Company. [144] Uruguay's secularization began with the relatively minor role of the church in the colonial era, compared with other parts of the Spanish Empire. The military government persecuted leftists, socialists, and political opponents, resulting in deaths and numerous instances of torture by the military; the military relinquished power to a civilian government in 1985. In exchange, those receiving the benefits were required to participate in community work, ensure that their children attended school daily, and had regular health check-ups. Uruguay is the second-smallest country in South America, wedged between Argentina and Brazil. [116], Carrasco International Airport was initially inaugurated in 1947 and in 2009, Puerta del Sur, the airport owner and operator, with an investment of $165million, commissioned Rafael Violy Architects to expand and modernize the existing facilities with a spacious new passenger terminal to increase capacity and spur commercial growth and tourism in the region. WebUruguayans ( Spanish: uruguayos) are people identified with the country of Uruguay, through citizenship or descent. Mate (drink) is the most typical beverage in Uruguay, being a portable beverage that Uruguayans take to all manner of places. Located in the southern part of the country, on the northeastern shore of the Rio de la Plata estuary is, Montevideo - the capital, the largest and the most populous city of Uruguay. [66] The absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, makes all locations vulnerable to high winds and rapid changes in weather as fronts or storms sweep across the country. (2011). Its beaches are divided into Mansa, or tame (river) side and Brava, or rugged (ocean) side. [54] Vzquez stuck to economic orthodoxy. The members of government are elected for a five-year term by a universal suffrage system. Die Kste ist 660 km lang. Jos Enrique Rod (18711917), a modernist, is considered Uruguay's most significant literary figure. [152] In the 2006 PISA test, Uruguay had one of the greatest standard deviations among schools, suggesting significant variability by socio-economic level. [137], Metropolitan Montevideo is the only large city, with around 1.9million inhabitants, or more than half the country's total population. [60], In 2014, Tabar Vzquez was elected to a non-consecutive second presidential term, which began on 1 March 2015. general assessment: Uruguay has an advanced telecom market, with excellent infrastructure and one of the highest broadband penetration rates in Latin America; fixed-line teledensity is also particularly high for the region, while mobile penetration is the second highest after Panama; in terms of computer penetration, Uruguay tops all other countries in the region by a considerable margin, and this has facilitated growth in fixed-line broadband "Kaufman, who spoke at the U.S. Congressional Hearings of 1976 on behalf of Amnesty International, estimated that one in every five Uruguayans went into exile, one in fifty were detained, and one in five hundred went to prison (most of them tortured)." WebUruguay is a representative democratic republic with a presidential system. [33] Artigas organized the Federal League under his protection, consisting of six provinces, four of which later became part of Argentina. [66][67] Although it never gets too cold, frosts occur every year during the winter months, and precipitation such as sleet and hail occur almost every winter, but snow is very rare; it does occur every couple of years at higher elevations, but almost always without accumulation. In 1811, Jos Gervasio Artigas, who became Uruguay's national hero, launched a successful revolt against the Spanish authorities, defeating them on 18 May at the Battle of Las Piedras. [24] Official statistics from Uruguay's Agriculture and Livestock Ministry indicate that meat and sheep farming in Uruguay occupies 59.6% of the land. [121] Cargo trains would continue for loads more than 120 tons, but bus transportation became the "economic" alternative for travellers. [86][87] In November 2010, Uruguay and Argentina announced they had reached a final agreement for joint environmental monitoring of the pulp mill.[88]. [131], Uruguayans are of predominantly European origin, with over 87.7% of the population claiming European descent in the 2011 census. [47] Most were killed in Argentina and other neighboring countries, with 36 of them having been killed in Uruguay. [45] Although Baldomir declared Uruguay neutral in 1939, British warships and the German ship Admiral Graf Spee fought a battle not far off Uruguay's coast. manufacturing plant. One of the most consumed spreadables in Uruguay is Dulce de leche (a caramel confection from Latin America prepared by slowly heating sugar and milk). [18] The country has legalized cannabis, same-sex marriage, prostitution and abortion. [94] In the fiscal year 2010, the United States provided Uruguay with $1.7million in military assistance, including $1million in Foreign Military Financing and $480,000 in International Military Education and Training. [61] In 2020, he was succeeded by Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, member of the conservative National Party, after 15 years of left-wing rule, as the 42nd President of Uruguay. The Spanish founded Montevideo as a military stronghold in the early 18th century because of the competing claims over the region. You may also like: Church announces new Hawaii Laie Mission Africa Central Area So far, the disputed areas remain de facto under Brazilian control, with little to no actual effort by Uruguay to assert its claims. [89] Uruguay has two uncontested boundary disputes with Brazil, over Isla Brasilera and the 235km2 (91sqmi) Invernada River region near Masoller. [142] Among the sizeable Armenian community in Montevideo, the dominant religion is Christianity, specifically Armenian Apostolic. [41] A transition period (188690) followed, during which politicians began recovering lost ground and some civilian participation in government occurred. With a peak of 50,000 during the mid-1960s, Uruguay has the world's highest rate of aliyah as a percentage of the Jewish population. [39], This establishment of the policy of co-participation represented the search for a new formula of compromise, based on the coexistence of the party in power and the party in opposition.[39]. Several lagoons are found along the Atlantic coast. By 1879, the total population of the country was over 438,500. [115] Its quay can handle 14-metre draught (46ft) vessels. [93], The Uruguayan armed forces are constitutionally subordinate to the president, through the minister of defense. [145] Under the influence of the Colorado politician Jos Batlle y Ordez (19031911), complete separation of church and state was introduced with the new constitution of 1917. The present-day State Railways Administration of Uruguay maintains 2,900 kms of extendable railway network. [77][78] However, in the 2004 Uruguayan general election, the Broad Front won an absolute majority in Parliamentary elections, and in 2009, Jos Mujica of the Broad Front defeated Luis Alberto Lacalle of the Blancos to win the presidency. [153] The system is divided into six levels of education: early childhood (35 years); primary (611 years); basic secondary (1214 years); upper secondary (1517 years); higher education (18 and up); and post-graduate education. Blancos were given of seats in Congress. Uruguay is a country in South America. To the southwest is the Ro de la Plata, the estuary of the Uruguay River (which river forms the country's western border). A wave of bands appeared in Montevideo, including Los Shakers, Los Mockers, Los Iracundos, Los Moonlights, and Los Malditos, who became major figures in the so-called Uruguayan Invasion of Argentina. The language spoken there is Spanish. The dramatic shift, taking less than ten years and without government funding, lowered electricity costs and slashed the country's carbon footprint. The 1999 national elections were held under a new electoral system established by a 1996 constitutional amendment. [33] The Brazilian Empire became independent of Portugal in 1822. [44] A new constitution was promulgated in 1934, transferring powers to the president. The system is government owned, and there have been controversial proposals to partially privatize since the 1990s.[126]. [25] Earlier settlers had migrated from Argentina. According to one source, around 180 Uruguayans are known to have been killed and disappeared, with thousands more illegally detained and tortured during the 12-year civil-military rule of 1973 to 1985. [81] Uruguay ranks 21st as least corrupt in the World Corruption Perceptions Index composed by Transparency International. El Pas, the paper of the rival Blanco Party, has the largest circulation. His inauguration coincided with the effects of the Great Depression,[44] and the social climate became tense as a result of the lack of jobs. [153] In 2009, the government planned to invest 4.5% of GDP in education. He drew from both Timbuktu and Mykonos to create his best-known work: his home, hotel and atelier Casapueblo near Punta del Este. [135] In 2009, for the first time in 44 years, the country saw an overall positive influx when comparing immigration to emigration. The percentage further increases to 82.4% when cattle breeding is linked to other farm activities such as dairy, forage, and rotation with crops such as rice. Uruguay (/jrwa/ (listen);[10] Spanish:[uuwaj] (listen)), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay or the Eastern Republic of Uruguay (Spanish: Repblica Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. The country has several international bus services[123] connecting the capital and frontier localities to neighboring countries. At the time of independence, Uruguay had an estimated population of just under 75,000. Yeah I acted indifferently, I don t think how to lower blood pressure when its high fast there is any problem. [111], According to FAOSTAT, Uruguay is one of the world's largest producers of soybeans (9th), wool (12th), horse meat (14th), beeswax (14th), and quinces (17th). Uruguay is home to the Uruguayan savanna terrestrial ecoregion. At the same time centre-right National Partys Luis Lacalle Pou was sworn as the new President of Uruguay.[79]. [42] The economy reflected a steep upswing (if demonstrated graphically, above all other related economic determinants), in livestock raising and exports. Weburuguay, cuyo nombre oficial es repblica oriental del uruguay, es un pas soberano de amrica del sur, situado en la parte oriental del cono sur. "Eastern Republic of Uruguay" is the official name used in many United Nations publications in English, e.g. [130], In 2021, Uruguay had, in terms of installed renewable electricity, 1,538 MW in hydropower, 1,514 MW in wind power (35th largest in the world), 258 MW in solar power (66nd largest in the world), and 423 MW in biomass. The country is known for its colonial-era historic districts in Colonia and Montevideo, popular beaches on the Atlantic Coast, and beef productiona former meat processing plant in Fray Bentos is a world heritage site. A quarter of the population is less than 15 years old and about a sixth are aged 60 and older. Jan 2022 - Present1 year 1 month. If the minor child does not have a Permiso de Menor, the minor child will be prohibited from leaving Uruguay. [44], In 1938, general elections were held and Terra's brother-in-law, General Alfredo Baldomir, was elected president. The National Party's Luis Alberto Lacalle won the 1989 presidential election and amnesty for human rights abusers was endorsed by referendum. Daily meals vary between meats, pasta of all types, rice, sweet desserts and others. It is among the most famous and recognizable tangos of all time. [53], President Mujica backed Venezuela's bid to join Mercosur. Uruguay hat im Norden eine 985 km lange Grenze mit Brasilien und im Westen eine 579 km lange Grenze mit Argentinien. [25], From about the same period came the romantic poetry of Juan Zorrilla de San Martn (18551931), who wrote epic poems about Uruguayan history. The first international match outside the British Isles was played between Uruguay and Argentina in Montevideo in July 1902. [135] The most popular destinations for Uruguayan emigrants are Argentina, followed by the United States, Australia, Canada, Spain, Italy and France. Uruguay is a founding member of the United Nations, OAS, and Mercosur. [25], The Reporters Without Borders worldwide press freedom index has ranked Uruguay as 19th of 180 reported countries in 2019. Folk music is called canto popular and includes some guitar players and singers such as Alfredo Zitarrosa, Jos Carbajal "El Sabalero", Daniel Viglietti, Los Olimareos, and Numa Moraes. In 1907 divorce was legalized and, in 1909 all religious instruction was banned from state schools. Montevideo, which was used as a supply station by the Brazilian navy, experienced a period of prosperity and relative calm during the war. [53] The United States and Uruguay have also cooperated on military matters, with both countries playing significant roles in the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. The conflict would last 13 years and become known as the Guerra Grande (the Great War). [36] Montevideo rewarded Brazil's support by signing treaties that confirmed Brazil's right to intervene in Uruguay's internal affairs. For example, Montevideo receives approximately 1,100 millimetres (43in) of precipitation per year, while the city of Rivera in the northeast receives 1,600 millimetres (63in). However, it is officially translated either as the "Oriental Republic of Uruguay"[24][25] or the "Eastern Republic of Uruguay". Government forces emerged victorious, leading to the end of the co-participation politics that had begun in 1872. [53] Commercial ties between the two countries have expanded substantially in recent years, with the signing of a bilateral investment treaty in 2004 and a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement in January 2007. [24] However, these border disputes have not prevented both countries from having friendly diplomatic relations and strong economic ties. [41], After the Guerra Grande, there was a sharp rise in the number of immigrants, primarily from Italy and Spain. Uruguay Members 102999 Congregations 143 Missions 2 Family History Centers [33] The assembly refused to seat the delegates from the Banda Oriental, however, and Buenos Aires pursued a system based on unitary centralism. WebUruguay ist nach Suriname der zweitkleinste Staat Sdamerikas. Understand The name Uruguay means river of the colorful birds. [21], One of the most popular interpretations of the name was proposed by the renowned Uruguayan poet Juan Zorrilla de San Martn, "the river of painted birds";[22] this interpretation, although dubious, still holds an important cultural significance in the country. Numerous radio stations and musical events reflect the popularity of rock music and the Caribbean genres, known as msica tropical ("tropical music"). [111], The tourism industry in Uruguay is an important part of its economy. Uruguay is a diverse country full of a variety of cultures, foods, religions, arts, and sports, all coming together to form a unique national identity. The first permanent Spanish settlement was founded in 1624 at Soriano on the Ro Negro. In response to the annexation, the Thirty-Three Orientals, led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja, declared independence on 25 August 1825 supported by the United Provinces of the Ro de la Plata (present-day Argentina). [111], In 2007, Uruguay had cattle herds totalling 12million head, making it the country with the highest number of cattle per capita at 3.8. [23], In Spanish colonial times, and for some time thereafter, Uruguay and some neighboring territories were called Banda Oriental [del Uruguay] ("Eastern Bank [of the Uruguay River]"), then for a few years the "Eastern Province". [25] Uruguayans of many classes and backgrounds enjoy reading historietas, comic books that often blend humour and fantasy with thinly veiled social criticism. Numerous unpaved roads connect farms and small towns. [33], As a result, Artigas broke with Buenos Aires and besieged Montevideo, taking the city in early 1815. [25] In 2017 the average total fertility rate (TFR) across Uruguay was 1.70 children born per woman, below the replacement rate of 2.1, it remains considerably below the high of 5.76 children born per woman in 1882. [36] The besieged Uruguayans called on resident foreigners for help, which led to a French and an Italian legion being formed, the latter led by the exiled Giuseppe Garibaldi. [46] The media were censored or banned, the trade union movement was destroyed and tons of books were burned after the banning of some writers' works. [166], The Uruguay national football team has won the FIFA World Cup on two occasions. Uruguay covers an area of approximately 181,034 square kilometers (69,898sqmi) and has a population of an estimated 3.4million, of whom around 2 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. [25] The candombe is a folk dance performed at Carnival, especially Uruguayan Carnival, mainly by Uruguayans of African ancestry. [53], In 2004, Uruguayans elected Tabar Vzquez as president, while giving the Broad Front a majority in both houses of Parliament. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. WebLead Material Analyst. WebUruguay. This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 17:27. More Home Reviews Videos Photos About See all We are missionaries for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in the Uruguay Montevideo West Mission July He was elected President of the Neurological Society of India (1956), 21 vice-president of the WFN (1969-1973), and president of the World Congress of Neurology in New Delhi, 1989. Cultural experiences in Uruguay include exploring the country's colonial heritage, as found in Colonia del Sacramento. Typical dishes include: "Asado uruguayo" (big grill or barbecue of all types of meat), roasted lamb, Chivito (sandwich containing thin grilled beef, lettuce, tomatoes, fried egg, ham, olives and others, and served with French fries), Milanesa (a kind of fried breaded beef), tortellini, spaghetti, gnocchi, ravioli, rice and vegetables. 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