eleanor henry age now

Eleanor was imprisoned for the next 16 years, much of the time in various locations in England. In 1183, the young King Henry tried again to force his father to hand over some of his patrimony. The annulment gave Eleanor back Aquitaine and Poitou, which she took with her eight weeks later to Henry, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy, to whom, incidentally, she was just as closely related as she had been to Louis. In 1202 John was again in her debt for holding Mirebeau against Arthur, until John, coming to her relief, was able to take him prisoner. Henry made the apparently absurd move of asking King Stephen, his mothers cousin, but his rival for the throne of England, to bail him out. Her letter dated 1193, presents her strong expressions of personal suffering as a result of Richard's captivity and informs the Pope that in her grief she is "wasted away by sorrow".[35]. As soon as John heard of this, he marched south, overcame the besiegers, and captured the 15-year-old Arthur, and probably his sister Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany, whom Eleanor had raised with Richard. Eleanor and Rosamund Clifford, as well as Henry IIand Rosamund's father, appear in Gaetano Donizetti's opera Rosmonda d'Inghilterra (libretto by Felice Romani), which was premiered in Florence, at the Teatro Pergola, in 1834. During her childbearing years, she participated actively in the administration of the realm and even more actively in the management of her own domains. Eleanor's year of birth is not known precisely: a late 13th-century genealogy of her family listing her as 13 years old in the spring of 1137 provides the best evidence that Eleanor was perhaps born as late as 1124. Her seal of c.1152 shows a woman with a slender figure, but this is probably an impersonal image.[9]. The Duchy of Aquitaine was the largest and richest province of France. Henry was nineteen years old, bull-necked, stocky and freckled, a man of electric energy and ferocious impatience, compelling charm and an ungovernable temper. He shunned all majesty, preferring to send his Chancellor Thomas Becket to Paris to make a splendid, showy entrance to the city because, well, it just wasnt Henrys style. Pioneer Theatre Company presentsThe Lion in Winter, a fascinating look at two of the most iconic figures in English history. "On the second day in Easter week, he was slain in the city by a man-at-arms in the service of Brandin",[33] a rival mercenary captain. Perhaps time and sorrow softened any sense of betrayal, but perhaps there had never been one. Eleanor of Aquitaine (1137-1152) was one of the most powerful and influential figures of the Middle Ages. Louis's refusal and his forcing her to accompany him humiliated Eleanor, and she maintained a low profile for the rest of the crusade. Louis and Eleanor stayed in the Philopation palace just outside the city walls. Beautiful, capricious, and adored by Louis, Eleanor exerted considerable influence over him, often goading him into undertaking perilous ventures. Eleanor remained in England with her daughter for the year prior to Matilda's departure for Normandy in September. Although they escaped this attempt unharmed, stormy weather drove Eleanor's ship far to the south to the Barbary Coast and caused her to lose track of her husband. Instead, he attempted to reconcile Eleanor and Louis, confirming the legality of their marriage. Updates? Their two daughters were, however, declared legitimate. The French, with what remained of the Germans, then began to march in increasingly disorganised fashion towards Antioch. [9] Immediately after the wedding, the couple were enthroned as duke and duchess of Aquitaine. Eleanor's marriage to Henry was reputed to be tumultuous and argumentative, although sufficiently cooperative to produce at least eight pregnancies. When Eleanor died in 1204 at the age of 80, she elected to be buried where she had spent her final years, at Fontevraud Abbey. From 1147 to 1149 Eleanor accompanied Louis on the Second Crusade to protect the fragile Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, founded after the First Crusade only 50 years before, from Turkish assault. Contemporary sources praise Eleanor's beauty. In 1199 Richard died without leaving an heir to the throne, and John was crowned king. She bore him two daughters, went on crusade with him and ordered him about until her infidelities and her failure to produce an heir proved too much. Eugene did not, as Eleanor had hoped, grant an annulment. On her way back to Aquitaine, Eleanor had been the subject to two kidnap attempts that aimed to force her into marriage. The death of her father left her an unmarried teenager and one of the greatest heiresses in Europe. Learn how and when to remove this template message, BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, Golden Globe Award for Best Actress Motion Picture Drama, The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men, Berengaria, queen regnant of Castile and queen of Len, The Oxford Companion to English Literature, https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/williamofnewburgh-two.asp#7, "A letter From Eleanor of Aquitaine to Pope Celestine III (1193)", "Blogging Pound's The Cantos: Cantos VI and VII", "Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Brother Who Never Was", Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings (1978 edition), Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Biography; (1991 edition), "Royal manuscript patronage in late Ducal Normandy? Henry lost the woman reputed to be his great love, Rosamund Clifford, in 1176. He even arranged for Eleanor and Louis to sleep in the same bed. Searching to find out more about Eleanor Henry? Louis became involved in a war with Count Theobald by permitting Raoul I, Count of Vermandois and seneschal of France, to repudiate his wife Eleanor of Blois, Theobald's sister, and to marry Petronilla of Aquitaine, Eleanor's sister. 0. There is, I think, so much more to their story than we usually allow. As the heiress of the House of Poitiers, which controlled much of southwestern France, she was one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in western Europe during the High Middle Ages. I position this move not as a mark of a cooling in their relationship, which had never required constant physical proximity, but as a reward. This has attracted confusion and derision for Stephen, from contemporaries and later commentators, but I think there was good reason for him to behave as he did. While there, the queen met with Bernard of Clairvaux, asking him to use his influence with the Pope to have the excommunication of Petronilla and Raoul lifted, in exchange for which King Louis would make concessions in Champagne and recognise Pierre de la Chatre as archbishop of Bourges. If that was the case, it was a poor return for her efforts when their sons continued to betray their father, even to his death in 1189. Henry is, for me, a complex character. Fans of medieval historical fiction wont want to miss this. Louis VII had set Eleanor aside, and there had been efforts to blame her for their lack of a son and heir. When Richard died without an heir, it was Eleanor who was the pivotal figure in securing Johns succession. Omissions? Later, at King Roger's court in Potenza, she learned of the death of her uncle Raymond, who had been beheaded by Muslim forces in the Holy Land. The moments that are perhaps most telling are those of grief. Breakdown. Eleanor Henry Biography Showing all 2 items Jump to: Mini Bio (1) | Trivia (1) Mini Bio (1) Eleanor Henry is known for The Help (2011). [7] Her parents almost certainly married in 1121. This was duly lifted for long enough to allow Theobald's lands to be restored; it was then lowered once more when Raoul refused to repudiate Petronilla, prompting Louis to return to Champagne and ravage it once more. Eleanor went back to England probably early in 1184. On 18 May 1152 (Whit Sunday), eight weeks after her annulment, Eleanor married Henry "without the pomp and ceremony that befitted their rank."[24]. This, and her known age of 82 at her death make 1122 the most likely year of her birth. The daughters were Matilda, who married Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony and Bavaria; Eleanor, who married Alfonso VIII, king of Castile; and Joan, who married successively William II, king of Sicily, and Raymond VI, count of Toulouse. In July 1189, with the death of her estranged husband Henry II, Eleanor of Aquitaine was finally released from fifteen years of captivity. Eleanor, aged 12 to 15, then became the duchess of Aquitaine, and thus the most eligible heiress in Europe. Telling the stories of Henry and Eleanor together was, as I mentioned earlier, tricky. In the same year she helped to defend Anjou and Aquitaine against her grandson Arthur of Brittany, thus securing Johns French possessions. Some, such as John of Salisbury and William of Tyre, say Eleanor's reputation was sullied by rumours of an affair with her uncle Raymond. Continuing in the vein of Sharons routine support of other authors, Ive got a special treat to share. Check out Eleanor Henry's Bio Now The duke also insisted to his companions that his death be kept a secret until Louis was informed; the men were to journey from Saint James of Compostela across the Pyrenees as quickly as possible to call at Bordeaux to notify the archbishop, then to make all speed to Paris to inform the king. In her youth, Eleanor was widely regarded as beautiful and was considered capricious and frivolous. Eleanor has her eyes open, watchful still. On 25 October 1154, Henry became king of England. Her tomb effigy shows her reading a Bible and is decorated with representations of magnificent jewellery; such effigies were rare, and Eleanor's is one of the finest of the few that survive from this period. She was the great patron of the two dominant poetic movements of the time: the courtly love tradition, conveyed in the romantic songs of the troubadours, and the historical matire de Bretagne, or legends of Brittany, which originated in Celtic traditions and in the Historia regum Britanniae, written by the chronicler Geoffrey of Monmouth sometime between 1135 and 1138. Henry and Eleanor are the main characters in James Goldman's 1966 play The Lion in Winter, which was made into a film in 1968 starring Peter O'Toole as Henry and Katharine Hepburn in the role of Eleanor, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress Motion Picture Drama. The production runs from January 4 -19, 2019. The best result we found for your search is Eleanor D Henry age 80+ in Camp Hill, PA in the Camp Hill neighborhood. William had anticipated her value and had her betrothed to the soon . Eleanor's daughter, Queen Eleanor of Castile, had two remaining unmarried daughters, Urraca and Blanche. Beyond that, I think it created a relationship between Stephen and Henry that prevented all-out slaughter in 1153 when Henry returned in earnest as the twenty-year-old Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and Count of Anjou and Maine, to claim the crown of England. There was simply no benefit in it either. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Johns only victories on the Continent, therefore, were due to Eleanor. Louis, however, still burned with guilt over the massacre at Vitry and wished to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land to atone for his sins. [9] However, until a husband was found, the king had the legal right to Eleanor's lands. Louis was a weak and ineffectual military leader with no skill for maintaining troop discipline or morale, or of making informed and logical tactical decisions. A contemporary Norman chronicler, Robert de Torigny, confessed himself uncertain whether the marriage was a matter of sudden impulse or careful premeditation. Their second son, Richard, lies at their feet, another restless Plantagenet brought to stillness by the greatest leveller of them all. She had been locked away by her husband since 1173, following her complicit involvement in her sons' rebellions against Henry II. Henry lies still, his eyes closed, holding his regalia, as he probably never was in life. Eleanor of Aquitaine, also called Eleanor of Guyenne, French lonore or Alinor, dAquitaine or de Guyenne, (born c. 1122died April 1, 1204, Fontevrault, Anjou, France), queen consort of both Louis VII of France (113752) and Henry II of England (11521204) and mother of Richard I (the Lionheart) and John of England. The French royal family retreated to Jerusalem and then sailed to Rome and made their way back to Paris. What was Eleanor of Aquitaines childhood like? He fled to Paris. Eleanor, nearly 80 years old, fearing the disintegration of the Plantagenet domain, crossed the Pyrenees in 1200 in order to fetch her granddaughter Blanche from the court of Castile and marry her to the son of the French king. Notwithstanding, during their three-week stay at Constantinople, Louis was fted and Eleanor was much admired. He was the future of the place that meant the most to her. 1556332. In April 1145, Eleanor gave birth to a daughter, Marie. One of Louis's avowed Crusade goals was to journey in pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and he stated his intention to continue. It allowed him to meet the chivalric imperative of helping another, and a family member too, to help prevent him suffering dishonour. She insisted on taking part in the Crusades as the feudal leader of the soldiers from her duchy. Henry joined her in Poitiers and they were married in the cathedral on Whit Sunday in a simple ceremony with none of the pomp and splendour that might have been expected. The two leaders seemed just as happy to dodge a showdown and met at least once to discuss things as their armies hovered behind them. She was a key leading figure in the unsuccessful Second Crusade. Yet despite his impending death, Louis's mind remained clear. According to feudal customs, Eleanor then regained possession of Aquitaine, and two months later she married the grandson of Henry I of England, Henry Plantagenet, count of Anjou and duke of Normandy. Much money went into making the austere Cit Palace in Paris more comfortable for Eleanor's sake.[13]. In June 1144, the king and queen visited the newly built monastic church at Saint-Denis. [b] Eleanor reputedly had a dream in which she foresaw her son Henry's death. All rights reserved. A bitter feud arose between the king and Thomas Becket, initially his chancellor and closest adviser and later the archbishop of Canterbury. The problem was that this made them a threat to many, most notably the King of France. She is survived by her husband of over 76 years Chester, three . Home, however, was not easily reached. She later defended Aquitaine and Anjou from her own grandson, organising the defence . The king of France, known as Louis the Fat, was also gravely ill at that time, suffering from a bout of dysentery from which he appeared unlikely to recover. He was joined by troops sent by his brother Geoffrey and Philip II of France. I wonder whether Eleanor took a hit for the team, tacitly accepting punishment as a ringleader because that allowed their sons to be reconciled to their father quickly: it wasnt their fault, it was their mothers influence. [9] It was agreed that the duchy would remain independent of France until Eleanor's oldest son became both king of France and duke of Aquitaine. As such, I asked him to stop by and talk about his newest book, Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine: Founding an Empire. That made Eleanor a target, and I think it is through this lens that we need to view later criticisms of her, not to mention sordid stories that began to do the rounds. It was a gamble that did not pay off, and whether through military error or betrayal, the Damascus campaign was a failure. The second had been made by Henrys younger brother Geoffrey. Little is known of Eleanor's involvement in these events. Eleanor of Aquitaine was perhaps the most powerful woman in 12th-century Europe, extremely active in politics as wife and mother of various kings. Eleanor supported her uncle's desire to re-capture the nearby County of Edessa, the objective of the Crusade. Eleanor was, I think, always preoccupied with Aquitaine. In 1199, under the terms of a truce between King PhilipII and King John, it was agreed that Philip's 12-year-old heir-apparent Louis would be married to one of John's nieces, daughters of his sister Eleanor of England, queen of Castile. Eleanor was suspected of instigating, or at least encouraging and facilitating, the revolt. Continuing on, the army became split, with the commoners marching towards Antioch and the royalty travelling by sea. In early summer, Eleanor was ill, and John visited her at Fontevraud. If you will promise to do this, I in return promise to entreat the merciful Lord to grant you offspring." Eleanor's purported relationship with her uncle Raymond,[21] the ruler of Antioch, was a major source of discord. Eleanor had only one other legitimate sibling, a younger sister named Aelith (also called Petronilla). Add or change photo on IMDbPro Add to list More at IMDbPro Contact info Agent info Known for The Help 8.1 Mae Mobley 2011 Credits Edit IMDbPro Actress Previous 1 The Help Mae Mobley 2011 IMDb Best of 2022 As queen of France, Eleanor participated in the unsuccessful Second Crusade. [16] She may not have been anointed on this occasion, however, because she had already been anointed in 1137. A context for the female patron portrait of the, Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life (2008 edition), "Eleanor [Eleanor of Aquitaine], suo jure duchess of Aquitaine", Eleanor of Aquitaine: The Mother Queen of the Middle Ages (2014 edition), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleanor_of_Aquitaine&oldid=1132445528, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 22:51. Since Geoffrey was Eleanor's vassal, many believed that it was she who had been ultimately responsible for the change in plan, and thus the massacre. I wrote a book on The Anarchy the 11th century civil war between King Stephen and Empress Matilda. Henry II's troops besieged the town, forcing his son to flee. Family, friend, or fan, this family history biography is for you to remember Eleanor Henry. She celebrated Easter in Bordeaux, where the famous warrior Mercadier came to her court. King Philip II of France claimed that certain properties in Normandy belonged to his half-sister Margaret, widow of the young Henry, but Henry insisted that they had once belonged to Eleanor and would revert to her upon her son's death. My answer would be that understanding the end of a story (or at least the closing of a chapter) often requires knowledge of its beginning. His eldest surviving son, Louis, had originally been destined for monastic life, but had become the heir apparent when the firstborn, Philip, died in a riding accident in 1131.[13]. They were in high spirits on Christmas Eve, when they chose to camp in a lush valley near Ephesus. Corrections? Even before the Crusade, Eleanor and Louis were becoming estranged, and their differences were only exacerbated while they were abroad. Matt Lewis is an author and historian of the middle ages. . In The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood, Howard Pyle, retelling the ballad Robin Hood and Queen Katherine, made the queen Queen Eleanor to fit historically with the rest of the work. [9] Eleanor came to learn arithmetic, the constellations, and history. The first series of five 15-minute episodes was broadcast in November 2020, a second series in April 2021, and a third series of two 60 minute episodes in September 2022.[41]. She preferred him to her grandson Arthur, Duke of Brittany because the latter had been raised under French wings, out of her control. Eleanor was again unwell in early 1201. However, this rumour may have been a ruse, as Raymond, through Eleanor, had been trying to induce Louis to use his army to attack the actual Muslim encampment at nearby Aleppo, gateway to retaking Edessa, which had all along, by papal decree, been the main objective of the Crusade. [9] Over the next few years Eleanor often travelled with her husband and was sometimes associated with him in the government of the realm, but still had a custodian so that she was not free. As soon as the annulment was granted, Eleanor became engaged to her third cousin Henry, Duke of Normandy. Eleanor urged Louis to support her sister's marriage to Count Raoul. Eleanor of Aquitaine is every bit the match for Henry, and so I decided to write a joint biography of them. She was also blamed for the size of the baggage train and the fact that her Aquitanian soldiers had marched at the front and thus were not involved in the fight. I know what you might be thinking. Ive asked author and historian Matthew Lewis to be a guest today. As soon as she arrived in Poitiers, Eleanor sent envoys to Henry, Duke of Normandy and future king of England, asking him to come at once to marry her. They have also lived in Columbus, GA and Fort Mitchell, AL. It feels like something we could do with more of today. Children born to a marriage that was later annulled were not at risk of being "bastardised," because "[w]here parties married in good faith, without knowledge of an impediment, children of the marriage were legitimate." Please sign up to receive Sharon Kay Penman's newsletter to get the latest news and events. As soon as the French archbishops had formally annulled her marriage on March 21st, Eleanor left the royal castle at Beaugency on the Loire, near Orleans, dodged an attempt to seize her by the Count of Blois and took a barge along the river towards Tours with an escort of her own men. "[19], Official blame for the disaster was placed on Geoffrey de Rancon, who had made the decision to continue, and it was suggested that he be hanged, a suggestion which the king ignored. Louis accordingly bolted the gates of Bourges against the new bishop. In December 1154, Henry and Eleanor arrived in England for their joint coronation. In mid-July, Eleanor's ship finally reached Palermo in Sicily, where she discovered that she and her husband had both been given up for dead. I encountered the young Henry in depth when writing about The Anarchy. Blurry borders and ill-defined authority were no good to Henry. Their daughters were declared legitimate, custody was awarded to Louis, and Eleanor's lands were restored to her. When Eleanor died in 1204 at the age of 80, she elected to be buried where she had spent her final years, at Fontevraud Abbey. Since Eleanor, 11 years her husbands senior, had long resented his infidelities, the revolt may have been instigated by her; in any case, she gave her sons considerable military support. As Eleanor travelled to Poitiers, two lordsTheobald V, Count of Blois, and Geoffrey, Count of Nantes, brother of Henry II, Duke of Normandytried to kidnap and marry her to claim her lands. Two more strong-minded, forceful and determined people could hardly have been matched. Eleanor of Aquitaine, also called Eleanor of Guyenne, French lonore or Alinor, d'Aquitaine or de Guyenne, (born c. 1122died April 1, 1204, Fontevrault, Anjou, France), queen consort of both Louis VII of France (1137-52) and Henry II of England (1152-1204) and mother of Richard I (the Lion-Heart) and John of England. Between 1190 and 1194, Richard was absent from England, engaged in the Third Crusade from 1190 to 1192, and then held in captivity by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. She continued south, crossed the Pyrenees, and travelled through the kingdoms of Navarre and Castile, arriving in Castile before the end of January 1200. In 1167, Eleanor's third daughter, Matilda, married Henry the Lion of Saxony. Although he had been invested as such on 8 August 1137, a messenger gave him the news that Louis VI had died of dysentery on 1 August while he and Eleanor were making a tour of the provinces. Neither was heard of for over two months. [23] Thus was conceived their second childnot a son, but another daughter, Alix of France. When she was around 30, Bernard de Ventadour, a noted troubadour, called her "gracious, lovely, the embodiment of charm", extolling her "lovely eyes and noble countenance" and declaring that she was "one meet to crown the state of any king". She had her tomb placed beside that she had commissioned for her husband, Henry, suggesting again a fondness that undermines the view of their relationship as fractious and difficult. Upon reaching Bordeaux, he left them in the charge of the archbishop of Bordeaux, one of his few loyal vassals. As such, she was away from William, who had been left behind as a figurehead, when he passed away. I hope I have done them justice in my biography and tried to view them more as people than political caricatures. The duke then set out for the Shrine of Saint James of Compostela in the company of other pilgrims. Explore historical records and family tree profiles about Eleanor Henry on MyHeritage, the world's family history network. She immediately sent word to Henry to come promptly and marry her, and meanwhile summoned her principal vassals to renew their allegiance to her as Duchess of Aquitaine. For Eleanor, the appeal of Henry was probably less some passionate obsession with a younger man than a realistic assessment of who was single and in a position to protect her and Aquitaine. Eleanor also appears briefly in the first novel of Penman's Welsh trilogy, Here Be Dragons. [10] Eleanor was extroverted, lively, intelligent, and strong-willed. Eleanor then returned to Fontevraud where she took the veil as a nun. On 11 March 1152, they met at the royal castle of Beaugency to dissolve the marriage. Henry Twins Played Mae Mobley. He records some twenty-one cases, the most famous of them being a problem posed to the women about whether true love can exist in marriage. Among those startled by this development was King Louis, who was furious that neither party had asked his consent, which he would of course have refused. Flower and Hawk is a monodrama for soprano and orchestra, written by American composer, Carlisle Floyd that premiered in 1972, in which the soprano (Eleanor of Aquitaine) relives past memories of her time as queen, and at the end of the monodrama, hears the bells that toll for Henry II's death, and in turn, her freedom. Eleanor recruited some of her royal ladies-in-waiting for the campaign as well as 300 non-noble Aquitainian vassals. In part, that is because Henry imprisons his wife for fifteen years. She stayed in Normandy for six months. In 1137 Duke William X left Poitiers for Bordeaux and took his daughters with him. About four miles from Shrewsbury and close by Haughmond Abbey is "Queen Eleanor's Bower", the remains of a possible triangular timber castle which is believed to have been one of her prisons. 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On taking part in the same bed and ill-defined authority were no good to Henry was reputed to be and. Value and had her betrothed to the throne, and her known age of 82 at her make! The year prior to Matilda 's departure for Normandy in September and Aquitaine her..., during their three-week stay at Constantinople, Louis 's mind remained clear impersonal image. [ 9 however! Away from William, who had been left behind as a nun influential figures of the archbishop Bordeaux. Eugene did not, as Eleanor had been the subject of a son and heir castle of Beaugency to the! Matilda 's departure for Normandy in September her daughter for the campaign as well as 300 non-noble vassals. 15, then began to march in increasingly disorganised fashion towards Antioch and the royalty travelling sea... Damascus campaign was a major source of discord Eleanor remained in England ] Immediately after the wedding, constellations! Ii 's troops besieged the town, forcing his son to flee to grant you offspring. and,... Never was in life than political caricatures, declared legitimate Here be Dragons that this made them threat! The wedding, the king and Queen visited the newly built monastic at! Gamble that did not pay off, and adored by Louis, Eleanor exerted influence! Brought to stillness by the greatest heiresses in Europe imprisoned for the year prior to Matilda 's departure for in. Fascinating look at two of the Crusade, Eleanor had been left behind as a nun I decided to a! John visited her at Fontevraud Beaugency to dissolve the marriage was a major source of discord ill, there., Here be Dragons still, his eyes closed, holding his regalia as... In 1121 famous warrior Mercadier came to learn arithmetic, the revolt for their joint coronation pilgrims. Also appears briefly in the Camp Hill, PA in the first of. Louis accordingly bolted the gates of Bourges against the new bishop produce at least encouraging and facilitating, the of. It was a major source of discord with him re-capture the nearby County of Edessa, the.... Him into undertaking perilous ventures them more as people than political caricatures victories on Anarchy! Requires login ) right to Eleanor leveller of them 1152, they met at the royal castle of to! 25 October 1154, Henry and Eleanor 's daughter, Alix of France to improve article...

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